New research published in Archaeology International is rewriting the narrative of Stonehenge, one of humanity’s most enduring enigmas, CNN reports.
The study suggests the iconic Altar Stone, a massive monolith at the heart of the Wiltshire monument, was transported hundreds of miles from northeastern Scotland, potentially as a unifying symbol during a period of significant societal change.
This latest discovery builds upon two earlier studies this year, which first pinpointed the Altar Stone’s origin in northeastern Scotland, and subsequently ruled out Orkney as its source. The new research, led by Professor Mike Parker Pearson of University College London’s Institute of Archaeology, proposes a compelling theory: the Altar Stone’s journey, along with the monument’s reconstruction around 2620-2480 BC, served as a powerful act of political unification among ancient Britons.
The study highlights striking similarities between Scottish stone circles and Stonehenge, suggesting greater connectivity between these distant communities than previously understood. The researchers posit that the 13,227-pound stone was likely transported overland using a sophisticated wooden sledge system, possibly taking eight months and requiring the efforts of hundreds, if not thousands, of people. This monumental undertaking, the researchers argue, was a deliberate display of unity and cooperation, a feat of engineering and logistical prowess in a pre-wheel, pre-email era.
The reconstruction of Stonehenge around 2500 BC coincided with the arrival of Beaker people from continental Europe, bringing new technologies and altering Britain’s genetic landscape. The researchers suggest the rebuilding, with the Altar Stone as a central feature, was a response to this influx of new populations, aiming to consolidate and legitimize the existing Neolithic farmer community.
The Altar Stone’s position within Stonehenge is also significant. Its placement aligns with the winter solstice sunset, further supporting the theory of the monument’s use as a religious temple, solar calendar, and observatory. The massive burial ground surrounding Stonehenge also indicates a likely religious purpose.
