Alcohol consumption can have significant effects on the digestive system, from short-term discomfort to longer-term health concerns, the New York Times reports.
While some people may experience immediate digestive issues after a drink, others might not notice the connection. However, research has highlighted several ways alcohol can influence gut health. Here are six ways alcohol might affect your gut, and how cutting back may help alleviate some common digestive symptoms.
- Acid Reflux
Alcohol can cause the muscles that control the valve between the stomach and esophagus to relax, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. This can lead to heartburn and other reflux symptoms. Certain alcoholic drinks, like wine, cider, and beer, can make these symptoms worse due to their acidity and carbonation. - Inflammation and Bleeding
Even a single night of heavy drinking can irritate the lining of the stomach, causing temporary inflammation and discomfort, much like a burn from hot food. Additionally, alcohol use has been linked to an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly from stomach ulcers. Research suggests that those who consume alcohol regularly—especially outside of mealtimes—are more prone to serious gastrointestinal issues, including bleeding. - Gas and Bloating
Alcohol can disrupt the balance of gut microbes, which helps digest food. When alcohol is consumed faster than the body can process, it may lead to an overgrowth of certain microbes that break down alcohol in the intestines, causing gas and bloating. Regular or excessive alcohol intake can also contribute to chronic bloating and digestive discomfort. - Abnormal Bowel Habits
Alcohol has a diuretic effect, drawing water into the intestines, which can lead to loose stools. It can also influence the nerves in the intestinal wall, often speeding up gut movements, contributing to diarrhea. However, in some individuals, alcohol can have the opposite effect, slowing down gut movement and worsening constipation. Additionally, alcohol may impair the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, potentially worsening symptoms of lactose intolerance. - Gut “Leakiness”
Excessive drinking, particularly binge drinking, can increase the permeability of the gut lining, allowing toxins to leak into the bloodstream. This condition, known as “leaky gut,” can cause systemic inflammation. Although this process may not result in immediate symptoms, long-term effects can increase the risk of developing liver disease and other health conditions as toxins circulate in the body. - Increased Cancer Risk
Drinking alcohol has been linked to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including those of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and rectum. Even moderate alcohol consumption can contribute to cancer risk, as it can lead to inflammation and damage DNA, cells, and proteins in the body.
While alcohol can have these negative effects on gut health, it’s important to note that the impact varies from person to person. For those experiencing digestive symptoms, reducing alcohol intake may offer significant relief. If you’re concerned about how alcohol affects your gut, consider discussing your habits with a healthcare provider to explore the best approach for your individual health needs.
