A new review of existing research by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may have certain health benefits when compared to complete abstinence, Axios reports.
The findings challenge the long-held belief that any amount of alcohol is harmful to health and could influence future US dietary guidelines.
The review’s conclusions come as the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of Agriculture prepare to update the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which are expected in late 2025. Current guidelines emphasize temperance, advising that drinking less — or not at all — is best for health. However, the new evidence may prompt reconsideration of that stance.
The review, commissioned by Congress, analyzed multiple studies on light to moderate drinking, which is defined as up to two alcoholic drinks per day for men and one for women. The analysis yielded some notable insights:
- Heart Health: Moderate alcohol consumption was linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular issues, such as nonfatal heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, it was associated with a reduced overall risk of death.
- Cancer Risks: The review noted a potential increased risk of breast and colorectal cancer associated with moderate drinking, but it did not establish a definitive link with most other types of cancer.
- Overall Mortality: Those who consumed alcohol moderately had a lower risk of death compared to those who abstained completely.
These findings appear to challenge the stance of the World Health Organization (WHO), which has stated that “no amount of alcohol” is safe due to cancer risk. Previous studies have also emphasized the dangers of alcohol consumption, especially regarding its role in cancer development.
The shift in perspective comes at a time when alcohol use is already declining, particularly among younger adults, many of whom are turning away from regular drinking in favor of healthier lifestyle choices.
Despite the potential benefits of moderate alcohol consumption, health experts continue to stress the dangers of heavy drinking, which is defined as more than three or four drinks per day. Heavy drinking has been linked to liver disease, heart disease, addiction, and mental health issues.
Most doctors are unlikely to recommend alcohol as a health intervention, as was once the case in the early 20th century. However, for those who do drink, this review suggests that maintaining moderation could offer some health benefits, particularly for cardiovascular health.
