Researchers have made significant strides in understanding the complex phenomenon of long COVID, potentially pinpointing the driving factor behind the condition: the persistence of the virus in the body, Science Alert reports.
Long COVID, which affects 5-10% of individuals who contract COVID-19, is characterized by symptoms that persist for three months or longer after the initial infection. As science unravels this mystery, new findings suggest that the lingering presence of SARS-CoV-2—either as live virus or viral remnants—could be the culprit.
The theory of “viral persistence,” which suggests that SARS-CoV-2 remains in various tissues and organs long after the initial infection, has gained traction over the course of the pandemic. Research from several studies has shown that viral remnants can stay in the body for extended periods, contributing to the symptoms associated with long COVID. While the idea of lingering viral fragments has been established, the question remains whether live virus is also hiding in the body, continuing to cause symptoms.
Recent studies support the idea that persistent live virus could be a significant contributor to long COVID. Research published in the Nature journal found that people with mild COVID-19 symptoms experienced extended periods of viral RNA shedding, suggesting that the virus may remain active in some individuals. Those with persistent viral RNA shedding were more likely to develop long COVID, reinforcing the link between the presence of the virus and the risk of prolonged illness.
Further studies have shown replicating viral RNA and proteins in blood fluid months after infection, as well as detection of viral RNA in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. This evidence suggests that the virus may be hiding in reservoirs in the body, such as blood cells or other tissues, contributing to the ongoing symptoms of long COVID.
While conclusive proof that live virus remains in the body for years is still elusive, the accumulating evidence has led many scientists to push for action. Researchers argue that the data is compelling enough to accelerate trials of antiviral treatments, which could help prevent or even cure long COVID. Among the potential therapies being considered is the use of metformin, a diabetes drug that has shown promising antiviral properties and could help treat symptoms like fatigue.
With this new understanding, public health experts are urging individuals to take steps to prevent reinfection, as each subsequent infection increases the risk of long COVID. Simple measures such as improving indoor ventilation, wearing high-quality masks, and staying updated on COVID vaccinations can reduce exposure to the virus and help protect individuals from the long-term effects.
